Projets novateurs réalisés

Explorez des milliers de projets réussis issus de la collaboration entre organisations et talents postsecondaires.

30156 projets achevés

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Projets par catégorie

The moderating role of culture on offenders’ power and motivation to apologize

After hurting someone, an effective way to reconcile relationships and repair harm is to apologize. Apologizing is a process that involves expressing regret, and acknowledging wrongdoing and responsibility. For individuals from Western cultures that value independence, apologies are often resisted as one must give up their power. Conversely, individuals from Eastern cultures that value interdependence readily offer apologies.
One factor that may uniquely influence both Canadian and Japanese offenders’ willingness to apologize is social power. Power is associated with greater rewards as powerful individuals depend less on others and have the freedom to act in ways consistent with their goals.
My work has shown powerful compared to powerless individuals from Canada are less likely to apologize. I predict powerful compared to powerless offenders from a Japan will be more willing to offer an apology. The proposed research will test this effect and explore theoretical mechanisms that explain why.

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Ward Struthers

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Kobe University

Discipline :

Sociology

Secteur :

Université :

York University

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Sex pheromone of Drosophila suzukii, an invasive fruit pest

Among Drosophila species, volatile organic compounds are key for host- and mate-finding behaviour. Recently, it was discovered that a single olfactory receptor channel (Or69a) in D. melanogaster that is tuned to both host odours and sex pheromones (Lebreton et al. 2017). Phylogenic analysis suggests this receptor is conserved across all Drosophila species; however, Or69a is believed to encode different pheromones in different species (Lebreton et al. 2017). Researchers at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) have produced “empty neuron” transgenic D. suzukii to allow us to verify its role in pheromone reception and specificity by effectively silencing Or69a receptors.
The sex pheromone of a related species, D. melanogaster, is derived from a precursor cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) (Lebreton et al. 2017). Researchers at SLU have isolated and identified all comparable CHCs on D. suzukii and have synthesized candidate pheromones. I have been invited to collaborate at SLU beginning February until August 2018 to conduct physiological and behavioural research to identify the pheromone specific to D. suzukii, and determine its efficacy as a chemical attractant.

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Thomas W Chapman;Kirk Hillier

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Alnarp campus)

Discipline :

Life Sciences

Secteur :

Agriculture and Food; Life Sciences (not health); Sustainability & the Environment

Université :

Memorial University of Newfoundland

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Okinawa: Biomedicine Situated in Local Contexts

The purpose of this proposed research is to obtain a nuanced understanding of the potential differences in how symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are manifested and reported by both Japanese and American families living in Okinawa, and how such differences are interpreted by ADHD researchers. This project situates itself at the front-line of social studies of biomedicine and mental health. Interactions that take place between families and researchers at the Children’s Research Center at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology will be observed and recorded in writing. Of particular interest is how the cultural contexts of Okinawa and Japan might influence the supposedly universal biomedicine perspective of the disorder. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Aryn Martin

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology

Discipline :

Sociology

Secteur :

Education

Université :

York University

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Characterization of mitochondria dynamics and metabolism in Group 2 pulmonary hypertension rat left atrial stenosis model

Pulmonary hypertension or elevated blood pressure in the lung caused by left heart diseases such as mitral valve stenosis is classified as Group 2 under the World Health Organization pulmonary hypertension classification system. Group 2 pulmonary hypertension is the most common type of pulmonary hypertension, but currently there is no approved therapies for this disease. To develop effective therapies for Group 2 pulmonary hypertension, an animal model is required. Fujimoto et al. recently developed a novel Group 2 pulmonary hypertension rat model by partially banding the left atrium with a metal clip to increase the left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure, which mimic mitral valve stenosis in human. Mitochondria, the power house of the cell, are found to be disordered in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Stephen Archer

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

The Jikei University School of Medicine

Discipline :

Life Sciences

Secteur :

Université :

Queen's University

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Development of a haptic feedback interface for a simulator for manual propulsion of standard and sport wheelchairs

There are about 10 millions manual wheelchair users in developed countries. This has given rise to several problems. Many users suffer from upper-body injuries sustained during propulsion of their wheelchairs. Research needs to be undertaken to suggest ways of reducing those injuries. Wheelchairs can be used in many difficult-to-navigate environments but their users need to have the necessary skills to do. Legislation has been enacted to ensure new buildings are accessible; therefore, architects need tools to evaluate their designs. This research proposes the development of a full-motion manual wheelchair simulator as a way to conduct research which addresses all three of those problems. This simulator will include a visual and sound system, a motion and incline platform, touch feedback at the wheel pushrims, a mathematical model and a control system. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Félix Chénier

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Gifu University

Discipline :

Engineering

Secteur :

Université :

Université du Québec à Montréal

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Modified Gold Nanoclusters and their Use in the Aerobic C-H Oxidation of Cyclohexane

For over than thirty years, chemists have applied sulfur-based organic molecules to gold sheets to form coatings with a single molecule thickness. Although these coatings have potential applications in sensors and microelectronics, they gradually decompose under moderate heat and in air, limiting their applications. In 2014, the Crudden group demonstrated that N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which are carbon-based organic molecules, could form ultrastable coatings on gold surfaces. The NHC-based coatings could withstand much harsher conditions than their sulfur-based analogs because of the stronger carbon-gold bond than that of the sulfur-gold one. In this work, we want to extend the use of NHCs to protect other highly applicable materials; namely gold nanoclusters. Nanoclusters are perfect entities, often smaller than 2 nm, composed of a specific number of metal atoms and surface-protected by organic ligands; most commonly by sulfur-based ones. They have potential applications in chemical synthesis, sensors, and microelectronics. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Cathy Crudden

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

The University of Tokyo

Discipline :

Physics

Secteur :

Education

Université :

Queen's University

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Scalable Analytics of Massive Graphs

Massive, complex, interlinked information is collected by scientific research in different spheres of natural and social sciences. Graphs are commonly selected as a model of such information: graphs can successfully represent imprecise, uncertain, noisy data; graphs are well suited for the data structure analysis; graph theory has a well-developed mathematical apparatus forming a solid and sound foundation for graph research. Central to the proposed research are community-based analytics of graphs and diffusion of information through graphs. Research project will investigate which community definitions are best correlated with the existence of influential spreaders among the members of the community, and whether the status (relative importance) of an individual in a community allows him/her become an influential spreader in the larger network. Research into the diffusion of information involves developing the Influence Maximization algorithms that calculate the most influential nodes and/or communities in the graph. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Alex Thomo

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

National Institute of Informatics

Discipline :

Computer science

Secteur :

Education

Université :

University of Victoria

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

The Effects of Exercise on Grey Matter Volume in the Prefrontal Cortex and the Relation to Cognitive and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia

Decreased brain volume in frontal regions is a prominent feature of schizophrenia and has been linked to impairments in psychological and social functioning. These impairments persist over the lifespan, with approximately 64% of individuals experiencing severe social disability 15-years after illness onset. Finding ways to overcome barriers to better functioning is of utmost importance to patient quality of life. Recent evidence suggests that physical exercise can lead to increased brain volume, with implications for psychological and social functioning. The current study will investigate the efficacy of a 12-week aerobic exercise program for improving brain volume, and psychological and social functioning in chronic schizophrenia. Neuroimaging methods and standard neuropsychological tests will be used to evaluate changes from study entry to 12-week follow-up. This research aligns with the visions of BC Mental Health and Addiction Services in that it aims to advance best practices in mental health.

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Allen Thornton

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

BC Mental Health and Addiction Services

Discipline :

Life Sciences

Secteur :

Health and Related Sciences & Technology

Université :

Simon Fraser University

Programme :

Accelerate

Performance based multi-hazard design of high-rise buildings equipped with self-centering systems

Past earthquakes (e.g. 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1994 Northridge Earthquake, 2010 Haiti Earthquake, 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan) and wind storms (e.g. 2005 Hurricane Katrina, 1992 Hurricane Andrew, 2007 Cyclone Sidr, 2008 Cyclone Nagris) resulted in loss of human lives, economic losses and social disruptions. The current building codes and standards in Canada and the United States consider wind and earthquake effects separately, and suggest designing buildings for one performance requirement. The shortcomings of force based design procedures, coupled with the need to reduce monetary losses after extreme events highlighted the need for performance-based design (PBD) approaches. Within the performance based design procedure, buildings can be designed to meet several performance limit states (occupant comfort, continued occupancy, life safety, collapse prevention, and manageable loss/damage) based on appropriate engineering demand parameters at specified hazard level. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Solomon Tesfamariam

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Kyoto University

Discipline :

Engineering

Secteur :

Education

Université :

The University of British Columbia - Okanagan

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Risk Management Perceptions in the Construction Industry of Japan and Canada

Risk can affect quality, productivity, and performance of construction projects. Therefore, risk management is an important part of the decision-making processes in the construction industry. In a typical construction project, many try to transfer risks to other parties, and extensive amount of time is spent on setting the risk allocation terms. This research examines how various stakeholders in the construction industry perceive risk, what factors affect their preferences towards risk allocation schemes, and how these perceptions and preferences translate into institutional policies and practices. It is interesting to conduct this study in Japan and Canada, and compare the results. Japanese construction industry is known for its leadership and innovation; the Canadian construction industry uses tools and principles such as Lean, which are originally from Japan. Both countries have strong construction markets, and are experiencing similar trends in risk management. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Hadi Dowlatabadi

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

The University of Tokyo

Discipline :

Sociology

Secteur :

Education

Université :

The University of British Columbia

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Real-Time Imaging of ATP Release in Rat Ex Vivo Lung

The goal of my research is to study the effect of stretch on the release of the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the lung. In response to physical forces, cells release ATP as a signaling molecule to regulate various pulmonary functions, such as the secretion of surfactant, which helps us to breathe. However, little is known about how ATP is released out of the cell. Therefore, I aim to investigate the mechanism of stretch-induced ATP release in an intact rat lung model. For this purpose, I will use advanced imagery techniques to record ATP release in real time. First, I will characterize these responses induced by lung inflation. Second, I will identify the release pathway of ATP by using a pharmacological approach. TO BE CONT’D

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Ryszard Grygorczyk

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Nagoya University (Graduate School of Medicine)

Discipline :

Life Sciences

Secteur :

Université :

Université de Montréal

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

Effects of azapeptides on the immunometabolic reprogramming of macrophages

CD36 is a receptor present on the surface of a great variety of cells. On macrophages, specialized cells of our immune system, CD36 can as an environmental sensor. In fact, macrophages can undertake multiple activity profiles depending on their environment. M1 macrophages are formed in response to bacterial attack for example, and promotes inflammation. M2 macrophages mainly play a role in resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Azapeptides are novel compounds that have been shown to modulate inflammation in mice by acting on CD36. The objective of this study is to investigate if these azapeptides can skew macrophages toward the M2 phenotype, and how they can exert this effect. Because CD36 on macrophages are involved in many pathologic conditions involving a chronic inflammation, the potential to target CD36 is an exciting prospect. Alzheimer’s disease and cancer are some examples in which targeting CD36 holds promise.

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Superviseur du corps professoral :

Huy Ong

Étudiant :

Partenaire :

Hirosaki University (Graduate School of Medicine)

Discipline :

Life Sciences

Secteur :

Université :

Université de Montréal

Programme :

Globalink Research Award

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