Herbal oils and oleoresins are components extracted from flowers, bark, leaves, roots, or fruits. These extracts are used as fragrances, flavoring agents, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents with a market value of more than USD 8.5 billion and 7% annual growth. Steam and solvents are used to extract oils and oleoresins (respectively), but they have limited extraction efficiency, are energy-intensive, and emit greenhouse gases (GHG). Solvent extraction can also emit volatile organic components (VOCs) and produce flammable environments.