A three-wave longitudinal study will be conducted to examined the social, emotional, and academic implications of shyness and unsociability in Chinese children as well as the potential protective role that authoritative parenting plays. Participants in the initial sample consisted of 1500 grade 3 to 6 students, randomly selected from four primary and junior high schools in Shanghai. Assessment of shyness, unsociability, parenting practices, and adjustment are obtained from multiple sources, including peer nominations, self-reports, parent-reports, teacher-reports, and school records.